<p>The Navigation Structures at White Lake Harbor area set of piers protecting the channel connecting Lake Michigan and White Lake, located at the end of Lau Road near Whitehall, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>A number of sawmills were established in the White Lake area between 1836 and 1850. Lumber from these mills was rafted through the narrow natural channel between White Lake and Lake Michigan before being loaded on ships. This was a time-consuming process, and the local lumbermen lobbied for an improved waterway. In 1866, an improvement program was funded by Congress. After surveying the area, the construction of a new harbor and channel was proposed. Work on this project commenced in 1867, and by late 1868 the channel was cut and revetments on both sides were in place. Piers extending out into Lake Michigan were gradually extended over the next five years. However, by 1873 it was determined that the original pier design was too short, creating a shoaling hazard, and both piers were extended.</p><br>
<p>In 1875 a lighthouse was constructed along the channel ,and in 1887 a life saving station was added. In 1900-01 both piers were again extended, and in 1907 the entire channel and harbor dredged to a deeper depth. A few years later, shipping traffic through White Lake declined considerably, and the Army Corps of Engineers recommended the abandonment of the harbor. However, maintenance continued, with annual dredging, and, in 1936-37, the replacement of the superstructures of both piers with concrete. In 1946 the Life Saving Station was sold and subsequently moved, and in 1970 the lighthouse was sold and converted into a local museum.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>White Lake Harbor is an man-made channel running through strip of land which separates White Lake from Lake Michigan. The associated navigation structures include three elements: the south pier, the north pier, and the revetments. The north and south piers are parallel to each other, and are 200 feet apart, The north pier is 1717 feet long and the south pier is 1953 feet long. The piers are constructed from a series of piles near the shore, and additional cribs at the end. The entire pier has a concrete superstructure. The revetments were originally of timber pile. A double row of sheet piling was added later, and concrete replaced the timber superstructure.</p><br>
<p>The Horatio N. Hovey House is a private house located at 318 Houston Avenue in Muskegon, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Horatio N. Hovey was born in 1853 in Oakland County, Michigan. In 1867 the family moved to Muskegon, and Horatio began work in a local grocery store. The next year he began working at the Post Office, where he worked until 1875. That year, using money he had saved, Hovey went into business with Elias W. Merrill, establishing a hardware firm under the name of Merrill and Hovey. In 1881 Hovey partnered with J.B. McCracken to open a sawmill, and the two ran a successful limbering business for the next 18 years.</p><br>
<p>While working at the post office, Hovey Hovey met Nellie Merrill, daughter of then-Postmaster Elias W. Merrill. The two were married in 1874, and eventually had four children. In 1889, the couple built this Queen Anne house for their family. In November of 1903, Horatio Hovey merged his lumber operations with those of T.C. Starret, and moved his family to Detroit.</p><br>
<p>Hovey sold his house in 1903, after which it was used as a private residence, then as a home for delinquent boys, a dress shop, a restaurant known as the Houston House Restaurant and Banquet Room, and a ladies’ tea room. In 1979, the Hovey House was purchased by Mills Property Management Corporation, and in 1984 the house was restored and converted into office space. In 1998 the house was purchased by Frederick and Ann Bleakley, who opened the Bleakley Law Offices in the building.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Horatio N. Hovey House is an asymmetrical two-and-one-half story Queen Anne structure with a rough-faced stone foundation. The front facade has a recessed bay containing the main entrance in the center, a gable-roofed bay to the left, and a rounded tower to the right. A wrap-around porch stretches from the entryway around the tower and along the side of the house. A small porch is above the entryway, and the upper portion of the house has decorative Queen Anne elements including wood shingles and decorative wood panels. The elaborate roofline is formed from a combination of jerkin head, conical, gabled, and hipped roofs, as well as additional brackets, finials.</p><br>
<p>On the interior of the house, the first floor contains a wide center hall, around which are two formal parlors, a library / study, stairs, and dining room. A kitchen, pantry, and other service areas are located at the rear. The second floor has another wide hall, seven bedrooms, and a bath. The third floor has four large rooms.</p><br>
<p>The most notable feature of the hone is the fine woodwork throughout the house. The hallways and major public rooms contain wainscotting with carved insets and moldings. The main stairway features a spoked panel braced between turned balusters. Frames around the windows, doors, and fireplace have elaborately detailed and frames, with a molded and carved top rail.</p><br>
<p>The Old State Quarry State Preserve, also known as the North Bend Quarries, Capitol Quarry, Old Capitol Quarry, and the State Quarry, is a historic site located northeast of North Liberty, Iowa, United States. The quarry, originally known as North Bend Quarries, began operations in 1842. It provided limestone for numerous buildings and structures in Iowa City and elsewhere in the state. The list includes the Old Capital , the foundations for Old Brick Church  and the present Iowa State Capitol  in Des Moines. The exact date that the quarry closed is not known, but because there is no evidence of mechanized techniques to remove stone, it is assumed it closed around the turn of the 20th century. There is, however, hand tool marks in the remaining stone. From 1874 to 1911 Samuel Calvin, professor of natural history at the State University of Iowa, used the quarry for both research and instruction in geology and paleontology.</p><br>
<p>The limestone here is made up largely of cemented fragments of brachiopods that lived in a shallow tropical sea that covered this area during the Devonian period. There is also evidence of fish teeth and plates in the lower parts of the channel sequence. The preserve is the type locality for “State Quarry Limestone,” determined by Calvin, and only found in Johnson County, Iowa. The quarry became a historical state preserve in 1969, and it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.</p><br>
<p>The John C. and Augusta  Lewis House is a private house located at 324 S. Mears Avenue in Whitehall, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>John C. Lewis was born in Canada in 1837, and moved to the United States in 1855. He finally settled in Whitehall in 1861, working as a day laborer. There he met his wife Augusta Covell, the two were married in 1864. Lewis soon purchased a sawmill, sold it, purchased another, and began investing in timberlands. The couple moved briefly to Waukesha, Wisconsin, then moved back to Whitehall in 1878, when they built this house.</p><br>
<p>The Lewises hired local builder L.L Marble to construct the house; work began in April 1878 and was completed by November. John Lewis lived in the house until his death in 1894. After this, ownership of the house was passed to his wife Augusta, who lived there until her own death in 1928. The Lewises&#39; youngest daughter Florence inherited the house, and she lived there until the early 1940s. In 1944, Florence cold the house to local farmers William and Rose Hildebrandt, who converted the house from a single-family home into a nine-bedroom boarding house the called the Lakeview Rooms.</p><br>
<p>In 1960, a water heater explosion killed the Hildebrandts and damaged the house; their son Carl took over the property and continued to operate the Lakeview Rooms for fifteen more years. In 1976, it was sold to the Blue Lake Fine Arts Camp, who used it as a community school for the arts, then as lodging for out-of-town actors, and then housing for camp faculty. In 2009, Greg and Debra Hillebrand purchased the house.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Lewis House is a narrow and deep two-story Late Victorian structure with a roof that includes both gabled and hip-roof areas. The main front section contains three prominent front and side-facing gables. A rounded-corner front entry porch with fluted Tuscan columns is covered by a flat roof. The house is clad with clapboard, and the eaves are supported by brackets at the corners and project widely. The windows are tall and narrow, and have segmental-arch heads and trim with pediment caps and incised detail.</p><br>
<p>Henyon-Kasper-Duffy Barn is a historic building located south of Solon, Iowa, United States. The barn was built for Bradford "Hoss" Henyon in 1876. He owned this farm from 1848 until his death in 1879. He used the barn as a changing station for horses on both the stage route and the mail route on the Old Dubuque Road, which passed in front of the farm. James B. Kasper bought the farm from the Henyons and his son John took over from him. They also housed horses in the barn. Johns son-in-law Charles Duffy took over the farm and then his son Chuck succeeded him. During the Duffy ownership the barn housed hogs and then Newport Valley Shorthorn cattle.</p><br>
<p>The barn is unusually tall for its time. In order to provide additional stability, it employs two tall canted (leaning) posts along with the more common vertical posts in its construction, which is unusual for a barn of this type. The canted posts support a secondary girt below the principal tie beam instead of the principal beam itself. The barn was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<p>The Buresh Farm is located west of Solon, Iowa, United States, along the north shore of Lake McBride. Its historic designation includes five frame structures, the farmhouse and four agricultural buildings. All except one of the buildings is thought to have been built around 1894. The house features a gable roof and wide eaves. It has a root cellar beneath it. The barn, granary and wash house all feature board-and-batten construction. The barn has a wide gable roof that slopes to a shed roof on its north elevation. The granary has a saltbox roof. The wash house was originally built as a summer kitchen. Although its construction date is unknown, the hog house appears to be newer than the rest based on its nonconforming shape. While not particularly unique, the farm buildings are largely unaltered and reflect a late 19th-century agricultural operation that is disappearing from Iowa. The farm was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.</p><br>
<p>Bidein a Choire Sheasgaich is a remote 945 m mountain, a Munro, in the Northwest Highlands of Scotland at the western end of an east–west range of hills comprising a Munro Top Meall Mor , the Munro at the highest point of the ridge Lurg Mhòr , and Bidein a Choire Sheasgaich itself.</p><br>
<h2>Geographical situation and topography</h2><br>
<p>Bidein a&#39; Choire Sheasgaich, is situated west of Loch Monar and east of the strath of Bearneas and the Attadale Forest, and is at the apex of a horseshoe of Munros around the loch. Glen Carron lies to the north and Glen Shiel to the south.</p><br>
<p>The mountain, also known by the nickname "Cheese Grater", is located on the Attadale Estate. The bedrock is of the Glenfinnan Group of the Moine Supergroup – highly metamorphosed sedimentary sandstone.</p><br>
<p>The summit it guarded by crags to the north and east but there is a straightforward approach via Sail Riabach a kilometre or so to the southwest. The ridge between Bidein and Lurg Mhor and the path from the south have no technical difficulties.</p><br>
<h2>Approaches to the mountain</h2><br>
<p>Bidein a&#39; Choire Sheasgaich and Lurg Mhòr are, according to Cameron McNeish, "two of the lonliest Munros in the land" An approach can be made from the north, the east or the west. All the approach routes are long and arduous but, if a two-day expedition is planned, three open bothies are available as an alternative to wild camping.</p><br>
<p>The route from the east is along, and possibly around, Loch Monar which is reached through Glen Strathfarrar. From Struy a private road goes along the glen to the foot of the loch at Monar Lodge. Cycling is allowed and a very limited number of vehicles are also permitted access. Even if using a mountain bike the expedition is, according to Dan Bailey "a single epic trip, which can be undertaken either as an appealingly brutal one-day assault or a slower overnighter". The route round the loch traversing these Munros and the three immediately north of the loch is 43 km plus 52 km cycling – 18 hours.</p><br>
<p>The shortest route to the mountain from a public road is from Achnashellach (Lair) in Glen Carron to the north on the A890 but to start off it is necessary to wade across the River Carron or use the two-wire bridge – cycling is not an option. Otherwise, from Craig nearby there is a somewhat longer route which may be cycled for the first 5.5 km – this way the total distance to Bidean is 12.5 km – 5 hours on foot.</p><br>
<p>Bearnais bothy is a Mountain Bothies Association bothy not far off these routes and for a stop-over it is conveniently located. However, a less hilly route to get there directly is from Achintee (Strathcarron station) from where it may be reached by a stalkers&#39; path of 6 mi.</p><br>
<p>From the west at Attadale there is an 8 mi track along which a mountain bike may be ridden, with difficulty, to the open bothy at Ben Dronaig Lodge which is maintained by the Attadale Estate to a very high standard. From bothy to Bidein is another 4.5 mi on a stalkers path. A shorter 6 mi stalkers path leads to this bothy from Achintee (Strathcarron station).</p><br>
<p>Maol Bhuidhe bothy is an MBA bothy which can be reached from Atterdale or Killian (Camus-luinie carpark) on mountain bike by tracks at least 10 mi long.</p><br>
<p>Downtown New Britain is the historic commercial and civic heart of the city of New Britain, Connecticut. It is located in the southern part of the city, anchored by the triangular Central Park and City Hall on the north, and by Franklin Park on the south. The city was one of Connecticut&#39;s industrial powerhouses of the 19th and early 20th centuries, which is reflected in the abundance, style, and quality of the architecture found in the downtown. The area was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2016.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>New Britain is an industrial city located about 10 mi southwest of Hartford. Somewhat uniquely among the states industrial cities, it is not located along a major waterway, and developed relatively late (mid-19th century) as an industrial center specialized in precision manufacturing. By the end of the 19th century, it was one of Connecticuts most ethnically diverse and prosperous cities, and its downtown area reflects this. Industrial facilities, at first small family operations in or near the downtown, were eventually located outside the downtown, but near transportation routes (particularly the railroads and horse-drawn trolleys), and its industrial workers, management, and leadership all had a presence there. New Britain was incorporated as a city in 1871.</p><br>
<p>The city&#39;s prosperty continued until after World War II, when shifts in transportation and living patterns led to a decline in the downtown area. It was damaged by several major fires in the early 1940, and construction of the access highways prompted a population exodus in the 1950s and 1960s, as well as razing portions of the downtown area. Since the 1970s, city leaders have sought to revitalize the downtown by repurposing its historic buildings.</p><br>
<h2>Setting</h2><br>
<p>Downtown New Britain is located in the south-central portion of the municipal boundaries, on south of Connecticut Route 72 and west of Connecticut Route 9, both limited-access roads serving the city. At its northern end is City Hall, located in the former Russwin Hotel building on the north side of Central Park, where the citys Soldiers Monument is located. The densest commercial development is located west of City Hall, and extending south on Main Street to Arch and Elm Streets. Arch Street and Franklin Square anchor the southern portion of the downtown area, which has more residential elements, including apartment blocks, and a number of churches, built in the 19th and early 20th centuries to serve a diversity of immigrant groups and religious views.</p><br>
<p>The Dr. James Bell House, also known as the Bell-Williams House, is a historic home located at 1822 E. 89th Street in Cleveland, Ohio, in the United States. Designed by noted local architect George J. Hardway for Dr. James Bell , it was completed in 1901. The home is a prime example of the Cleveland-area reaction at the end of the 19th century against high Victorian architecture, utilizing elements of Richardsonian Romanesque architecture to create a highly individualized, severe style.</p><br>
<p>The home was added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 16, 1986. The home is part of the East 89th Street Historic District, which was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 26, 1988.</p><br>
<h2>About the house</h2><br>
<p>James Richard Bell was a prominent dentist in Cleveland in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In 1900, he commissioned noted local architect George J. Hardway to design a large residence on E. 89th Street in the southeast quadrant of the Hough neighborhood, one of the city&#39;s oldest settled areas and which at that time was inhabited largely by white, middle-class and upper-middle-class residents. The block on which Bell chose to build was built up with a number of large residences over the past 30 years, ranging in style from Italianate to extremely elaborate Queen Anne style. The increasingly elaborate embellishments of Victorian architecture had fallen out of favor with homeowners and architects in northeast Ohio by the late 1890s, and Bell and Hardway agreed on a home that was simple to the point of being severe.</p><br>
<p>The Bell House is largely Richardsonian Romanesque in style. However, it deviates from this style by featuring a contemporary massing and relying on plain exterior walls. The front of the house is roughly square, with an east-facing gable, a single dormer on the south side, and steep roof pitch. The third-floor windows are topped by round stone arches, By the 1970s, the ballroom had been divided and the house now had a total of 21 rooms.</p><br>
<p>Bell occupied the home until his death in 1912. The home was bequeathed to his wife, Anna Roeder Bell. She died in 1940, and bequeathed the home to her daughter, Frieda Meriam. Mrs. Meriam died in 1942, and the home was sold to John A. Smith in 1943. By 1947, the home belonged to the Sabo family, and by 1948 the Jaskell family. By 1956, it was owned by Enoch Spence, who sold it by 1961 to Harold C. Scheunemann, who in turn sold it to Raymond Beedlow by 1966.</p><br>
<p>The Hough neighborhood became an overwhelmingly poor African American area by 1960. It became the home of the Martin Luther King Residential Youth House, a residential home for troubled black youth. The ballroom was probably turned into bedrooms about this time. In the early or mid 1970s, the youth house closed, and the Lee Heights Community Church rented the structure for use by The Straight-up Half-Way House, a transitional residence for alcoholics, criminals, and drug addicts.</p><br>
<p>The Berry Foundation sold the house in 1979 to a private owner, Margaret J. Williams.</p><br>
<p>Because it exemplifies the local architectural reaction to the excesses of Victorian architecture, the house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 16, 1986.</p><br>
<p>The Arcadia Colored High School was a high school for African-American students in Arcadia, Louisiana. It was originally known as Bienville Parish Training School and was later known as Crawford High School. It eventually was a campus of 10 buildings. In 2014, the Arcadia Colored High School Historic District was listed as a historic district on the National Register of Historic Places in 2014. It included four contributing buildings, one of which is somewhat Modern Movement in style, but which are otherwise nondescript architecturally.</p><br>
<p>The four surviving buildings are one-story buildings. The oldest is "Classroom Building A" from about 1942. It has a four-room plan very similar to the Rosenwald Fund&#39;s standard plan for a "Four Teacher Community School to Face East or West", although its windows actually face north and south instead. It is built of concrete blocks on a concrete foundation the a gable roof having deep eaves. "Classroom Building B", built about 1955, was used for business and typing classes. It is a one-story, wood-frame structure with a red brick veneer laid in running bond. The 1951 Classroom and Administration building has "mid-century modern aesthetic is asserted through the horizontality of the design, its flat roof with deep eaves and its clean, sharp lines." The Auditorium-Gymnasium building, built in 1954, was designed by architect C. Scott Yeager.</p><br>
<p>The Burwell Bridge was a historic bridge on the northern edge of Burwell in Garfield County, Nebraska which was built in 1940-41. It was a steel girder bridge that brings Nebraska Highway 11 over the North Loup River. It is also known as the North Loup River Bridge and denoted as NEHBS Number GFOO-13. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<p>It was designed by the Nebraska Bureau of Roads & Bridges to replace the previous bridge which had been washed out by floodwaters on June 25, 1939. The bridge is at a 30 degree skew over the river. It has a roadway 24 ft wide. It has three spans with total span length of 110 ft and total bridge length of 290 ft. The center span is 73 ft. It has concrete abutments, wingwalls and spill-through piers. It has a concrete deck over steel stringers. It was built by contractor W.A. Biba Engineering Company of Geneva, Nebraska at cost of $44,763.28, using steel from Omaha Steel Works.</p><br>
<p>According to its NRHP registration, the bridge was deemed notable as one of "the longest cantilevered beam structures identified in the statewide bridge inventory. It is technologically significant for its representation of long-span beam bridge experimentation conducted by the state engineer&#39;s office in the 1930s."</p><br>
<p>By 2010, however, the bridge appeared to have been replaced by a new reinforced concrete and girder bridge. Uglybridges.com, a website which uses National Bridge Inventory data, reports the bridge was reconstructed in 2007 and now has a 44.0 ft wide roadway, with total deck width 46.9 ft. It has a concrete cast-in-place deck.</p><br>
<p>The Former Wheeler County Courthouse in Bartlett, Nebraska was built in 1918. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>It has elements of Mission Revival style, and was in fact the only known courthouse in Nebraska of that style. It has a hipped roof with a broad overhang, which was originally of red tiles. Other elements of Mission Revival style include the building&#39;s "massing, materials, simplicity of form, broad eaves, and long slender pairs of brackets. The brackets adorn pilasters at the corners and also the entrance." Another feature is a Palladian window over the front entrance.</p><br>
<p>The former district courtroom is on the second floor.</p><br>
<p>In 1989, the former courthouse was in use as a museum by the Wheeler County Historical Society "to commemorate county government and pioneer life in Wheeler County." The present courthouse of Wheeler County was built adjacent.</p><br>
<p>Kabayama Site is a Japanese National Historic Site located in Kitakami, Iwate, in the Tōhoku region of northern Japan.</p><br>
<p>The Kabayama site is the location of a Jōmon period settlement and possible ceremonial center. It is located approximately seven kilometers south of the center of the modern city of Kitakami, on the Kitakami River near the foot of the Kitakami Mountains. The site was discovered in 1945 and has been excavated numerous times.</p><br>
<p>The site is located on two levels of a low hill. The lower tier consists of 32 circular arrangements of elongated river stones in a radial pattern, each with a diameter of 1.2 meters, with a central dolmen. Dating from the middle Jōmon period, others may have been destroyed or relocated. As the soil underneath these stones is undisturbed, these are not burial markers, and the formations are too small to serve as a defensive perimeter. It is thought that these stones had a ceremonial meaning, similar to stone circles found at other Jōmon period sites, such as at the Ōyu Stone Circles discovered in Akita Prefecture.</p><br>
<p>The upper level is located 20 meters higher, and consists of the remains of a number of pit dwellings. Fragments of earthenware and a number of jar coffins were found in the upper level, and have been dated to 5000 years ago for the eastern side of the hill, and 4000 years ago on the western side, indicating a long period of settlement.</p><br>
<p>The site received protection as a national historic site in 1977. The site contains a number of reconstructed pit dwellings, and a small museum.</p><br>
<p>The Garfield County Library, also known as the Burwell Carnegie Library, is a historic Carnegie library in Burwell, Nebraska. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<p>A library for the community of Burwell was a goal of the Burwell Woman&#39;s Literary Club, which was organized with 11 charter members in 1907. Correspondence with Andrew Carnegie and/or the Carnegie Foundation began by 1911; a condition was set that Burwell must create a tax for maintenance of the library, and the Village Board passed such an ordinance in January 1912. The project was supported enthsiasticly by the Burwell Tribune. After delay from lost correspondence or miscommunication, the library plans were approved and a $5,000 grant for construction was authorized.</p><br>
<p>The building is a one-story brick building with a raised basement, designed simply in accordance with preferences of James Bertram, Carnegie&#39;s secretary, who set design standards for the grant program after earlier projects seemed to waste funds on ornamentation. Decoration is achieved by use of cherry red brick being used for corbelling and pseudo-cornices and pseudo-pilasters, contrasting with yellow buff brick which is the main element. It is about 50 x in plan and has 22 windows. The building was built by contractor T.J. Pryor in 1914.</p><br>
<p>Hatten site is a Japanse National Historic Site located in the city of Kitakami, Iwate in the Tōhoku region of northern Japan.</p><br>
<p>The Hatten site is the remains of a Jōmon period settlement located on a river terrace on the eastern fringe of the Kitakami Basin overlooking the Kitakami River. The site has been excavated on five occasions, with remnants from the Japanese Paleolithic era found in the southeastern corner of the site, and the foundations of four pit dwellings from the Heian period found in the central area, indicating continuous inhabitation for several thousand years.</p><br>
<p>Most of the remains date from the middle to late Jōmon era. The village contained a central hall with a dimensions of approximately 17 meters in length and 8 meters in width, which had been reconstructed on at least eight occasions, indicating that it was a building for public or ceremonial use. On the slopes to the east and west sides of the village were middens containing a large number of earthenware fragments.</p><br>
<p>Of especial note were fragments of clay ears, noses and mouths, with holes indicating that they were connected by strings. These are thought be part of grave masks as they were found in a stone-lined pit tomb on the site. These artifacts were given the status of Important Cultural Properties by the national government in 1992.</p><br>
<p>Ezuriko Kofun Cluster is the designation given to a National Historic Site in Kitakami, Iwate, in the Tōhoku region of northern Japan consisting of four separate sets of late Kofun period burial mounds near the confluence of the Waga River with the Kitakami River.</p><br>
<p>Located on a river terrace at an altitude of 70–90 meters, the site consists of the Nekoyazu and Naganuma sites (29 tombs), Gojōmaru site (81 tombs), and Yahata site (23 tombs), with a total of some 120 burial mounds. The kofun are circular in shape, with a diameter of 4.5 to 16 meters and an average height of 0.4 to 0.7 meters. Archaeological excavations were conducted in 1954 by Waseda University on a portion of the site, and identified the kofun as being from the late 7th through early 8th centuries. Further investigation was performed by Tōhoku University in 1965. The kofun contained stone chambers made from piled rounded river stones, the largest of which was 5 meters in length, witha central trench to hold the sarcophagus. In the Gojōmaru district, the one tomb was found to contain four chambers. Grave goods included remnants of bladed instruments (swords, daggers, agricultural implements), jewelry (magatama beads, cylindrical beads, glass beads, etc.), horse fittings, and earthenware pottery. The site received protection as a National Historical Site in 1979.</p><br>
<p>Mount Hōken  is one of major peaks in Kiso Mountains or Central Alps, Nagano Prefecture, Japan. It is 2,931 m  high, and its shape is sharp pyramidal peak.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Mount Hōken is located on the main ridgeline of Kiso mountains, about 1km south of Mount Kisokoma, the highest peak of Kiso Mountains. On the East of Mount Hōken lies great Senjōjiki Cirque. Komagatake Ropeway bring you up to the bottom of Cirque which is about 2600m above sea level. Senjojiki Cirque is one of the largest and the most typical cirque in Japan, and it means one thousand tatami mattresses. In summer, it is filled by alpine flowers. According to geologist Tatsuto Aoki, the cirque was created 17,000 to 25,000 years ago, the last glacial maximum age.</p><br>
<h2>Mountaineering</h2><br>
<p>Though it is easy to go up to Senjojiki by Ropeway, nearby the rocky peak of Mount Hōken is very steep and dangerous, often occurs accident falling down to death.</p><br>
<p>On the shoulder of the peak is Hōken Hut, Tengu Hut. And upper stages of "Senjojiki Station" of Komagatake Ropeway exist "Senjojiki Hotel". Inside Senjojiki Cirque, promenades are equipped.</p><br>
<h2>Name of the mountain</h2><br>
<p>"Hōken" means treasure sword, especially meaning the sword of Acala Buddha. It resembles the shape of the peak. In Edo era, the mountain was called "Shakujō-dake". "Shakujou" means "Buddhist monk&#39;s staff". This mountain was regarded as sacred.</p><br>
<h2>Alpine plants</h2><br>
<p>Cedar Lake is located northwest of Sled Harbor, New York. Fish species present in the lake are brook trout, black bullhead, and white sucker. There is trail access on the north and west shores from Sled Harbor. There is also trail access to Whitney Lake. No motors are allowed on this lake.</p><br>
<h2>Tributaries and locations</h2><br>
<p>Beaver Pond &ndash; An 87 acre lake that is located to the northwest of the main Cedar Lake. Beaver Pond is connected to Cedar Lake by a channel. It has one unnamed island. Beaver Pond has a maximum depth of 4 ft.</p><br>
<p>Goodluck Mountain &ndash; A mounted located on the edge of the lake between Pillsbury Bay and Noisey Inlet bay.</p><br>
<p>Noisey Inlet &ndash; A bay of the lake located near the outlet of the lake.</p><br>
<p>Pillsbury Bay &ndash; A bay of the lake located by the southern end of the lake.</p><br>
<p>The Antelope County Courthouse, in Neligh in Antelope County, Nebraska, was built in 1894. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. As of 1980, it was one of the oldest courthouses still in use in Nebraska.</p><br>
<p>Neligh, founded in 1873, eventually won out over Oakdale, Nebraska as county seat, and county offices were moved to rented buildings in Neligh in 1883. The building was designed by George E. MacDonald of Lincoln, Nebraska, but the plans were found to be incomplete, and Fred Thornton of Neligh completed the drawings. Construction by contractor J. N. Mills started on August 2, 1894 and was completed January 11, 1985.</p><br>
<p>The building is 63 x in plan. It originally had a large clock tower rising to 100 ft in its center, surrounded by four pyramids at each corner. The tower was supported by arched trusses. The tower was removed in 1964, while the pyramids remain. County clerk, treasurer, and other county offices were moved to a separate annex building built in 1966, while the courthouse remained in the original building.</p><br>
<p>The Dalton Gang Hideout and Museum is a tourist attraction in Meade, Kansas. The complex encompasses a home, a museum on the top floor of a barn, and contributing objects. Originally owned by the sister and brother-in-law of the outlaw Dalton Gang brothers, local folklore says the brothers took refuge from the law in their sister&#39;s home. Restoration of the property was done in 1941 by the Works Progress Administration and the National Youth Administration. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on January 7, 2015.</p><br>
<h2>Original owners</h2><br>
<p>Eva Dalton, sister of the Dalton Gang brothers, married John N. Whipple on October 25, 1887 in Meade, Kansas. Whipple was the owner of a general store that bore his name. He sold groceries, clothing and a variety of general mercantile items. Whipple paid $400 for the house and property, which he lost to a Sheriff&#39;s sale on November 19, 1892. The new occupants of the house were H. G. Marshall and family. They discovered a small hidden tunnel that led from a closet door beneath the house stairwell, through the basement and to the barn. The Marshall daughter Mrs. Roy Talbott recalled incidents of strangers entering their home through the stairwell closet, after having left their horses in the barn. Entrance to the tunnel was sealed off and plastered over.</p><br>
<h2>Legend</h2><br>
<p>The Dalton brothers were a gang of 19th century robbers who stole from banks and trains. Historian Richard White has made the case that the Daltons were "social bandits&quot that is, outlaws enabled by supporters who either actively helped them evade capture, kept silent about what they knew, or otherwise abetted the criminals. Such social bandits, White wrote, lived openly in communities who accepted them as friends and neighbors.</p><br>
<p>The property being named as the hideout of Eva&#39;s outlaw brothers stems from a local legend that arose in the 20th century, claiming the brothers used it as a place of refuge. The brothers were known to have been in Meade in the years prior to their crime spree that began in 1890. No supporting documentation of their presence in Meade after that date has thus far surfaced.</p><br>
<p>One of the earliest mentions of the legend came from the Wayne Settle family who owned the home in the 1930s, and supposedly had no prior knowledge of the walled-off tunnel. They recounted a visit from a stranger who claimed to have been part of the Dalton Gang, and was able to direct them to the tunnels entrance. When the property was being developed into a tourist attraction in 1940, two individuals provided oral accounts that added to the lore. Local newspaper publisher Frank Fuhr claimed that he had used a telescope to watch the gang members enter, but never exit, the barn. Belle Mackey gave an interview to the local newspaper alleging that she and her husband unknowingly had Emmett Dalton as their ranch guest for two days in 1892, without asking his name or any other details. She claimed it was only after seeing Daltons picture in a newspaper over a year later, that she believed he had been their visitor.</p><br>
<h2>Restoration and new construction</h2><br>
<p>The Works Progress Administration (WPA) was a government jobs creation program during the administration of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, that included historic preservation, programs in the arts, and building or improving infrastructure such as parks. The National Youth Administration (NYA) came under the aegis of the WPA and was a jobs creation program for young men and women between the ages of 16 and 25. Kansas: a Guide to the Sunflower State, published in 1939 by the Federal Writer&#39;s Project of the WPA, listed the population of Meade as 1,552, and describes the town as, "... spreads out pleasantly on the prairie. It differs from most western Kansas towns in that it has many trees, shrubs and green lawns, made possible by an abundant supply of artesian water."</p><br>
<p>The Dalton Gang museum and park, composed of the Whipple property, was opened to the public in July 1940, having been purchased by the Meade Chamber of Commerce. The original hinged front door, with its small porch and front stoop remains intact but is no longer used as the entrance. Visitors must first enter the barn to access the 4-room house through the tunnel.</p><br>
<p>The 2-story barn with its secret tunnel was reconstructed by the WPA in 1941, with the second floor housing the museum that had been originally operated out of the Whipple home by Ruth and Walter Dingess. Although the barn has a wooden shingle roof and a wood frame on both floors, and metal bars on the ground-floor windows, the foundation is of concrete. Gypsum was hauled in from Clark County to construct the basement walls. The 96-foot tunnel is only 32 inches wide and 80 inches high, and was constructed by both the WPA and NYA, also in 1941. Additional objects contributing to the NRHP listing that were built in 1941, are the wishing well, outdoor stove and the stone wall around the property.</p><br>
<h2>Later development NRHP listing</h2><br>
<p>Dad&#39;s Country Store was erected in 1951 and is considered a contributing property to the NRHP listing. A commemorative bell with a plaque honoring the contributions of Walter Dingle was installed in the yard in 1959. The Heritage House was donated and moved to the park in 1969. The property was listed on the NRHP in Meade County, Kansas on January 7, 2015.</p><br>
<p>Proxy Falls, also known as Lower Proxy Falls, is a cascade and plunge waterfall from a collection of springs on the shoulder of North Sister, that plunges into a gaping canyon near McKenzie Pass in the Willamette National Forest, near Belknap Springs, Oregon. The waterfall is notable for its main drop of 226 ft which makes it one of the highest plunge waterfall in Oregon.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Proxy Falls formed at the end of a hanging valley created by the canyons cut by glaciers 6000 years ago. Proxy Falls and its neighbor, Upper Proxy Falls, plummet off glacier cut cliffs surrounded by lava fields from cinder cones near North Sister that filled the valley floor. The water plunges into porous subsoil and sinks underground, giving the impression that there is no outlet on the surface.</p><br>
<h2>Trails</h2><br>
<p>A paved foot trail loops around lava fields and dense conifer forests with view points to Proxy Falls and the smaller Upper Proxy Falls. It starts at the trailhead off highway 242 and it totals 1.6 miles of easy hiking. The counterclockwise direction of the loop leads off to Proxy Falls, whereas on the opposite direction it leads to Upper Proxy Falls. Access to the base of Proxy Falls spins off the main trail and it requires crossing Proxy river. Upper Proxy Falls stem from an unnamed river in close proximity to Proxy creek.</p><br>
<p>The Winter Building is a historic building in Montgomery, Alabama, USA.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The building was erected from 1841 to 1843 for John Gindrat, a cotton broker and banker. It was inherited by his daughter, Mary Elizabeth Gindrat, and her husband, Joseph S. Winter, in 1854.</p><br>
<p>During the American Civil War of 1861-1865, the second floor was home to the Southern Telegraph Company. It was there that LeRoy Pope Walker, the Confederate States Secretary of War, sent a telegram to General P. G. T. Beauregard to advise him to fire on Fort Sumter, and thus start the Battle of Fort Sumter.</p><br>
<p>It remained in the same family as late as the 1970s, when it was used for offices and a clothing store.</p><br>
<h2>Architectural significance</h2><br>
<p>The building was designed in the Italianate architectural style.</p><br>
<p>The Rice-Semple-Haardt House is a historic house in Montgomery, Alabama, USA.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was built in the early 1850s for Samuel Farrow Rice, who served as a member of the Alabama House of Representatives and the Alabama Senate, and later as Chief Justice of the Alabama Supreme Court.</p><br>
<p>In the late 1860s, the house was purchased by Henry Churchill Semple, a veteran of the Confederate States Army. The house remained in the Semple family until 1924. It was later acquired by John Haardt, a realtor, and used as offices.</p><br>
<p>By 1970, it was purchased by the state of Alabama.</p><br>
<h2>Architectural significance</h2><br>
<p>It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since September 27, 1972.</p><br>
<p>The Detention Falls, a cascade waterfall on the Detention River, is located at Milabena in North West Tasmania, Australia.</p><br>
<h2>Location and description</h2><br>
<p>The falls are situated about 20 km west of Wynyard, approximately 220 m above sea level, and are located within the 3.29 km Detention Falls Conservation Area at Milabena. The Detention River, its headwaters forming within the Dip Ranges, flows for about 23 km before discharging into Bass Strait. The river mouth is adjacent to the small communities of Detention and Hellyer, near Rocky Cape.</p><br>
<p>At the point of the falls, the river forms a narrow channel through the quartzite rock above, before cascading onto a series of irregular steps, into a basin within the small gorge below.</p><br>
<h2>Public access</h2><br>
<p>The viewing platform and walking track was closed to the public following engineering advice in 2008, and the platform was subsequently removed. A hazard sign at the start of the walking track advises that the viewing area is unsafe and may collapse.</p><br>
<p>The Anglican Church of St Michael and All Angels at Rowberrow within the English county of Somerset dates from the 14th century, but parts were rebuilt in 1865. It is a Grade II* listed building.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The church was originally built in the 14th century. The nave, chancel and porch underwent Victorian restoration and rebuilding work in 1865.</p><br>
<p>The parish is part of the benefice of Axbridge with Shipham and Rowberrow within the Diocese of Bath and Wells.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>In addition to the two-bay nave and chancel there is a three-stage west tower. Inside the floor of the church is encaustic tiles. There is a font dating from the 14th century which is topped by a Jacobean cover. The fragment of a Saxon cross carved on the north wall of the chancel is a symbol of the link between royalty, local landowners and the church.</p><br>
<p>The Pepperman House  is a historic house located at 17 Mildred Street in Montgomery, Alabama.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>It was built from 1887 to 1888 for M.E. Pepperman, a pawnbroker. Shortly after, they sold it to Effingham Wagner, a dentist, who sold it to Robert M. Henderson in 1890. Henderson was the co-owner of Vandiver and Company, a wholesale grocer&#39;s, with his brother-in-law, W. F. Vandiver. By 1913, Frances M. Perry, his wife and their seven children moved into the house, until they sold it to William R. Ludlow and Richard G. Ludlow in 1943. In the 1970s, William R. Ludlow, Jr. turned it into an antique store, until he sold it to the Aronov Realty Company in 1979.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on March 1, 1982.</p><br>
<p>The Bass-Perry House is a historic house on a former plantation in Seale, Alabama, USA</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was built from 1840 to 1844 for Hartwell Bass, a planter from Virginia who was a trustee of the Good Hope Male and Female Academy. It was designed in the Greek Revival architectural style. When Bass died in the early 1840s, it was inherited by his widow, Elizabeth, and her son-in-law, Patrick Henry Perry. The house remained in the family until 1939.</p><br>
<p>The house was owned by Hillary Mott from 1939 to 1968. Mott was the president and later chairman of the Nehi Corporation as well as the director of the Southern Industrial Council based in Nashville, Tennessee. By 1968, he sold the house to Roy Green.</p><br>
<h2>Architectural significance</h2><br>
<p>It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since January 19, 1976.</p><br>
<p>Lake Auster  is a natural salt lake in the town of Ocna Sibiului, Sibiu County, Transylvania, Romania. It is one of the many lakes of the Ocna Sibiului mine, a large salt mine which has one of the largest salt reserves in Romania.</p><br>
<p>In the middle of the lake, an islet has been formed. The islet makes the lake unique among the other lakes of the mine.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>The Romanian word auster means austere. The lake&#39;s name translated means The Austere Lake. The lake is also called Lacul cu insula (the Lake with the Island) because of its island. Its previous name, Lacul Roşu, means The Red Lake, because the lake had a redish color before.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Lake Auster was formed on the site of an old non-documentary saltwork. In 1922, its water level was much higher than at present, and it was lowered by artificial drainage because it was believed that its waters flooded the Ignaţiu salt mine, which was in operation.</p><br>
<h2>Information</h2><br>
<p>Surface: 254 m²</p><br>
<p>Maximum depth: 2,50 m</p><br>
<p>Salinity: 140 g/l</p><br>
<p>Fauna: Artemia salina</p><br>
<h2>Lakes of the salt mine</h2><br>
<p>Auster</p><br>
<p>Lake Avram Iancu-Ocniţa</p><br>
<p>Balta cu Nămol</p><br>
<p>Brâncoveanu</p><br>
<p>Cloşca</p><br>
<p>Crişan</p><br>
<p>Lacul Fără Fund</p><br>
<p>Gura Minei</p><br>
<p>Horea</p><br>
<p>Mâţelor</p><br>
<p>Negru</p><br>
<p>Pânzelor</p><br>
<p>Rândunica</p><br>
<p>Verde (Freshwater lake)</p><br>
<p>Vrăjitoarelor (Freshwater lake)</p><br>
<p>The Bingham Company Warehouse is a historic warehouse located in Cleveland, Ohio, in the United States. It was designed by the noted local firm of Walker and Weeks for the W. Bingham Company, and is one of the architectural firms few utilitarian commercial buildings. For many years, W. Bingham Co. was the Midwests largest hardware manufacturer and wholesaler. The W. Bingham Co. went out of business in 1961, and the warehouse was sold to a succession of owners of the years. The warehouse was sold to private investors in 2001, who converted it into apartments, known today as The Bingham.</p><br>
<h2>About the building</h2><br>
<h3>Construction</h3><br>
<p>Cleveland entrepreneurs William Bingham and Henry C. Blossom purchased the Clark & Murfey hardware store in 1841, and incorporated it as the W. Bingham Co. in 1888.</p><br>
<p>In April 1913, the W. Bingham Co. announced it would construct a new building in the city&#39;s Warehouse District as its new headquarters. Intended to be the largest warehouse in Cleveland,</p><br>
<p>At the time of the announcement, the company had already completed the purchase of the land had finished preliminary designs for the building. The architects drew heavily on Knox & Elliotts 1905 Rockefeller Building as well as their own 1912 Renkert Building for inspiration, The warehouse, which was anticipated to be of steel and concrete construction, was designed to have a spur from the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis Railway (the "Big Four") run into its basement. The architects hoped to have as many as 17 truck loading docks on the buildings northwest side, with a truck parking garage in one of the three basements. Another basement would be used for the storage of the heaviest goods. Elevators were intended to be located in the center of the building, so they could be reached quickly and efficiently by all points on each floor.</p><br>
<p>By June 1914, work on the architectural plans had advanced to the point where W. Bingham Co. was ready to place an order for up to 2,500 ST of structural steel and rebar. But city officials had extensive concerns about the architectural design, and extensive (if unreported) changes to the plans were under way in July 1914. At the end of July, W. Bingham Co. awarded the contract for the general contractor&#39;s job to the Cleveland construction firm Crowell-Lundoff-Little. Although the design controversy continued, the McClintic-Marshall Corp. received the contract for 1,500 ST of shaped steel in early August 1914, the Ayer & Lord Tie Co. of Chicago won the contract for 9,400 sqyd of flooring and Carnegie Steel received the contract for 2,100 ST of rebar in reinforcing bars in late August.</p><br>
<p>Final approval of the architectural plans must have been close by the beginning of August 1914, because excavation at the site began. Plans now showed 10 above-ground floors (each of reinforced concrete) and three basement levels. At a total estimated cost of land and construction at $1 million ($ in dollars), it was reportedly the largest warehouse in the United States. The Fred R. Jones Company did the excavation work. The work was extremely difficult. The excavation site was 150 by, a large existing building abutted the southwest side of the site, and there was a very steep 25 ft change in grade from the northeast to southwest. A steam shovel was used to remove the 70,000 cubic yards of earth, and steel sheet pilings were rammed into the soil to prevent cave-ins along the sides. These pilings were left in place to support the combined slab and pier foundation and freestanding retaining wall. Both the Big Four and the New York, Chicago and St. Louis Railroad (the "Nickel Plate") ran a joint spur onto the site, then hauled the earth several miles to Kingsbury Run (where it was used as landfill). Excavation was complete in mid-October.</p><br>
<p>The city issued a permit for construction of the foundation about the time the excavation was complete. Soil tests revealed a hard bluish clay about 50 to 60 ft below the surface, and the piers rested on this clay. Cantilevered retaining walls with buttresses were built to hold back the surrounding earth, and two-way reinforced spread footings poured to support the walls. The William Edwards Co. building on the southwest side of the new warehouse left insufficient space for regular footings and a buttressed retaining wall to be used. Instead, 14 in Lackawanna sheet pilings were used to reinforce the wall, and two separate footings were built. As construction of the foundation proceeded, numerous pockets of quicksand were found in the soil. Further investigation revealed that pockets of quicksand lay beneath almost all the footings on the building&#39;s northeast side. A test pit was dug, and soil engineers discovered a solid clay further down. Light sheet pilings were used to create caissons. These were excavated, and the footings carried down to the firm clay.</p><br>
<p>The city issued a building permit in late February or early March 1915. Work on the basement floors and walls proceeded very slowly. Enormous coal and ash bins and long steel rails for the moving of heavy items were designed to hang from ceiling beams in these areas. This required the use of shaped steel pieces which had to be perfectly joined, and the pouring of concrete around them. Once the basements were complete, the rest of the building rose very swiftly. Upper floors were poured at a rate of three floors a day, and the exterior brick walls rose at the rate of one floor every two days.</p><br>
<p>The W. Bingham Co. warehouse opened for business in February or March of 1916.</p><br>
<h2>About the building</h2><br>
<p>The W. Bingham Co. warehouse building cost $600,000 ($ in dollars). The slightly L-shaped building was 99 ft wide on W. 9th Street and 198.5 ft wide on W. 10th Street and had a total length of 435 ft (455 ft between the basement walls). On W. 9th Street, eight floors were visible and the building height was 101 ft. On W. 10th Street, 11 floors were visible and the building height was 148 ft. Each floor had 57,000 ft&sup2; of space, for a total building interior space of 683,892 ft&sup2;.</p><br>
<p>As viewed from W. 9th Street, the building had three basements. The rear (or southwest) wall of the third basement was actually a heavily reinforced slab and pier retaining wall 28 ft high, giving the third basement a ceiling 25 ft high. The third basement extended about 50 ft under W. 9th Street, while the second and first basements only extended about 20 ft under the street. There were originally only two large shipping doors, each roughly 37 ft wide and 21 ft high, in the rear wall of the third basement. To accommodate the doors, two exterior columns had to be omitted. In their place are two massive girders, each 41 ft long and resting on a single massive pier between the doors. A railroad spur ran under the buildings ell (along the line of the old Mandrake Avenue), and there were 24 truck loading docks on the structures northwest side.</p><br>
<p>The superstructure of the building featured unusually heavy columns and floor slabs designed to permit 500 psf on the floors of the first and second basement and the first and second floor, and 300 psf on floors three and higher. In order to accommodate the weight of the boiler, coal bin, ash bin, and associated equipment at the rear of the second basement, a portion of this floor was designed to withstand 700 psf. The octagonal, steel core-and-concrete columns in this area were 59 ft tall, extending from the foundation up to the second floor. Four of the exterior wall columns as well as all interior columns in the three basements and first floor were also steel core-and-concrete, to support the stresses on the structure below-ground. Above the second floor, all columns were reinforced concrete. The bases of all the columns consisted of cast iron-and-two-way reinforced concrete. All column caps were reinforced with shelf angles attached to the flanges and core reinforcement plates, and all columns were topped with octagonal plates reinforced with stiffeners. Above the second floor, all column tops were flared to help support the floor slab above. Due to complications created by the William Edwards building next to it, there were fewer exterior and interior columns in the structure&#39;s southwest corner. Instead, 7 ft cantilevers supported the exterior walls above the third floor.</p><br>
<p>The floors of the basements and upper floors were poured in 20.5 ft&sup2; slabs. These slabs were 11 in thick in the basements and on the first floor, and 9.5 in thick on all other floors. The roof was a 7.5 in slab. Spandrel beams were not used in the flooring system. The exception was on the fourth floor: With offices to be located on the third floor, the architects wanted to do away with column caps in order to provide space for lighting fixtures and to avoid light-scattering. Spandrels in the fourth floor were needed to compensate for the weaker support. Flooring throughout the structure was Kreolite, a creosote-impregnated wood block.</p><br>
<p>The exterior of the building was clad in paving brick rejects. Walker & Weeks had used uniformly-colored paving brick on the Renkert Building, which it had designed shortly before beginning work on the W. Bingham Co. warehouse. Architect Harry Weeks recommended paving brick for the Bingham building because it was strong, long-wearing, and inexpensive. "Seconds" (bricks which were not uniform in color due to chemical differences, miscasting, or after spending too much time curing in the kiln) were recommended by Weeks because they created an aesthetically pleasing "tapestry effect which might be assumed to have resulted from careful artistic design, rather than accident and economy." Windows in the building all had steel sashes and wire mesh glass. The roofline was a simple concave cavetto cornice.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the building, as befit a warehouse, was relatively spartan. Five elevators were grouped in the center of the structure, and a pneumatic tube network installed in the shafts as a space-saving measure. The building also featured several spiral package chutes, and an exterior surface parking lot.</p><br>
<p>The cost of the land and completed building was $1 million ($ in dollars). All told, 300 ST of cast iron, 1,200 ST of structural steel, 2,300 ST of rebar, and 38,000 cubic yards of concrete were used in its construction. When completed, it was reportedly the largest single-unit warehouse in the world.</p><br>
<h3>Architectural assessment</h3><br>
<p>The W. Bingham Co. warehouse building is widely considered one of the finest Commercial style buildings in Cleveland. It features extremely high-quality construction and design, which is unusual for a utilitarian building. It is also, according to the Ohio Historic Places Dictionary, an early example of "vertical rectangular construction of a building in a manner clearly appropriate to its function."</p><br>
<p>The structure is widely celebrated for the inspired use of paving brick seconds, which adds color and texture to the building. The exterior is considered unusually sophisticated, with "subtle refinements of proportion and detail". It has also won praise for the simple, repetitive piers that bring it to life.</p><br>
<h2>History of the building</h2><br>
<p>With the completion of the warehouse, the W. Bingham Co. shifted from retail to wholesale-only operations.</p><br>
<p>W. Bingham Co. ceased operations in June 1961. Several executives with the company purchased the corporate indicia, inventory, and equipment and formed a new company, Bingham, Inc. The new firm continued to sell Bingham products to manufacturing, mining, and railroad customers. W. Bingham Co. continued to own the warehouse, and leased space in it to various kinds of firms (including Bingham Inc.)</p><br>
<p>Some time on or before 1971, the Bingham building was purchased by the Ostendorf-Morris Co., a local real estate investment company.</p><br>
<p>In November 1973, the W. Bingham Co. warehouse was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Having been purchased by outside investors in 1970 and by Formweld Products Co. in 1973, Bingham Co. moved out of the building in 1980.</p><br>
<p>During the W. Bingham Co. warehouses first half century, Cleveland and the Warehouse District went into significant decline. The rapid and significant expansion in heavy industry in Cleveland ended about 1930, and contracted dramatically after 1950. As the century neared its close, only chemical, instrument and medical equipment, and plastics manufacturing remained as major employers. The citys population reached a high of 914,808 in 1950, but dropped to under 400,000 at the turn of the century (and continued to decline). In the Warehouse District, 115 of the 175 buildings, representing more than half the area, were demolished. The number of residents living in the area had dropped from a high of 12,068 in 1950 to a low of 3,844 in 1970 (although they had recovered slightly to 4,651 in 1990).</p><br>
<h3>2000-2004 renovation and repurposing</h3><br>
<p>At the beginning of the 21st century, the W. Bingham Co. warehouse was relatively unused. A few small city and county agencies and offices had leased space on the structure&#39;s ground floor, while the remainder of the building was used for storage or was empty. Although the building had never been renovated in the past 85 years, it was in good condition. It was also the largest building in the Warehouse District which had yet to undergo demolition or redevelopment.</p><br>
<p>In February 2000, Bingham Burnside LLC, a company established by owners and executives of the Burnside Construction Co. of Chicago, initiated a process to purchase the Bingham building for an undisclosed sum.</p><br>
<p>Bingham Burnside sought to redevelop the structure into a mixed-use development. The company planned spending $66.7 million ($ in dollars) on converting 379,606 ft&sup2; of space into 339 apartments, 292,666 ft&sup2; of space into a 340-vehicle parking garage, and 21,000 ft&sup2; of space into ground-floor retail. Bingham Burnside hired Marous Brothers Construction as the general contractor overseeing the project, which it hoped to begin on April 1, 2001. To pay for the conversion, Bingham Burnside received a $2 million ($ in dollars) loan from the city of Cleveland, $7.4 million ($ in dollars) in historic preservation tax credits from the state; and a $7.8 million ($ in dollars) conservation easement from the state. The city also agreed to give the developers a 75 percent tax abatement for the project&#39;s first five years, a 50 percent tax abatement for its next five years, and a 25 percent tax abatement in its 11th and 12th years.</p><br>
<p>Relocation of tenants was nearly complete by early June 2002, somewhat behind schedule. By then, the cost of converting the 693,272 ft&sup2; building had risen to $70 million ($ in dollars). The United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) awarded Bingham Burnside a $41.8 million ($ in dollars) conversion loan. The loan allowed construction on the project to begin in the fall of 2002, with construction expected to be completed in summer 2003.</p><br>
<p>Unanticipated construction delays meant that the Bingham apartments did not open until May 2004. The final cost of the conversion was $80 million ($ in dollars).</p><br>
<p>In late 2004, Constantinos Market opened in 9,600 ft&sup2; of space on the ground floor of the Burnham on W. 9th Street. The space, a former showroom for W. Bingham Co. hardware goods, was restored and conserved. Although the space was broken up by several columns, these were reutilized as display shelves. Constantinos received a $380,000 ($ in dollars) below-market loan from the city to help pay for the space&#39;s renovation.</p><br>
<h3>Conversion awards</h3><br>
<p>The conversion of the warehouse won two awards. The first was the Downtown Development Award, given by the Downtown Cleveland Partnership in March 2005 to Bingham Burnside. The second Award for Excellence in Renovation (Other Buildings), given by the Northern Ohio Chapter of the National Association of Industrial and Office Properties to Marous Brothers Construction in May 2005.</p><br>
<h3>Ownership changes</h3><br>
<p>Burnside Construction suffered severe economic losses during the Great Recession of 2008-2010, and in May 2007 filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy (liquidation). Although The Bingham apartment building was 80 percent full and Constantino&#39;s was expanding its space on the ground floor, Bingham Burnside LLC was unable to make its loan payments without the support of its parent company. HUD seized the mortgage and title to the building, and actioned off the mortgage. Resource Real Estate bought the loan for $25 million in March 2010, and successfully completed a foreclosure proceeding against Bingham Burnside. Resource Real Estate won court approval to sell The Bingham in July 2010 in order to satisfy the mortgage.</p><br>
<p>Resource Real Estate won the November 1, 2010, auction for The Bingham. The company said it planned no major changes at the complex, but would make cosmetic improvements to the common areas.</p><br>
<p>The US Post Office-Racine Main is a post office in downtown Racine, Wisconsin. It is located at 603 Main Street, in a classical revival-style building designed by the Office of the Supervising Architect under James A. Wetmore, and completed in July 1931. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Racine Main Post Office is a three-story rectangular building, located two blocks from the shore of Lake Michigan. The dimensions of the lot are 89 feet by 160 feet. The building is faced primarily with Bedford limestone from Indiana, except for parts of the obscured south facade which are covered with red brick. Built on a slope, the main entrance is located on the second floor, on the west facade facing Main Street. This side of the building is adorned with six Corinthian columns, reaching 22 feet up from the top of the front steps to the portico. On the frieze, the words "United States Post Office" and an eagle are engraved. The buildings north facade, along Sixth Street, features a row of Corinthian pilasters between each set of windows. The east facade faces Lake Street, and the ground floor features the loading dock and faces the buildings parking lot. The south side is obscured by the McMynn Towers apartment building and an attached public parking structure. At the west end of this side, a wheelchair ramp offers handicap access to the office&#39;s front counter. At the east end, facing the parking lot, a retaining wall has been painted with a mural that features a bald eagle in front of the rising sun, labeled "Racine - A Nice Place to Live".</p><br>
<p>The interior of the building is supported by an inner framework of reinforced concrete around steel. Aside from the front counter and mailbox area, the majority of the building consists of large open spaces where mail is processed. The second-story workroom is lit by two large skylights, which occupy a square area of the roof where the top floor is cut out of the rectangular structure. A short chimney stands in the center of the roof.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Regular federal mail service to the town of Racine began in 1836, when a post office was established at the rapids of the Root River, although it was moved into the town itself later that year. Being the areas first post office, it served areas as distant as Lake Geneva. For much of the towns early history, the office would be located at the house of the elected postmaster, thus moving every time elections were held. In 1891, the Treasury Department began planning for the city&#39;s first designated post office building, and its first federal building, purchasing the site where the current building stands. The location was purchased from Robert Baker, an executive at the J.I. Case Company. Adam H. Harcus and his firm were awarded a $44,347 contract to construct a stone building for a "custom-house and post-office" in September 1896. The building was criticized by some for looking church-like, leading the post office to chisel its name above the front door.</p><br>
<p>Congress appropriated $329,000 in funding for the new post office building on October 18, 1928. During the demolition of the old building and construction of the new building, mail operations temporarily moved to the Shoop Building on State Street. The building was called a monument to Congressman Henry Allen Cooper, the representative of Racines district, who sought to bring public works projects to his constituency and died before the buildings dedication.</p><br>
<p>A proposal in 1991 would have moved the citys main post office to a triangular lot along State Street, but this plan was never put in place and that site is now home to Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Plaza. The post office suffered an anthrax scare during the USA anthrax attacks of 2001, when a postal worker discovered brown powder in a sorting bin. Another closing plan was announced in 2009, where the building would be sold and its operations consolidated with the other three existing offices in Racine. Since then, the downtown offices staff and open hours have both been reduced, but it remains open as of May 2017.</p><br>
<p>Lake Brâncoveanu  is a natural salt lake in the town of Ocna Sibiului, Sibiu County, Transylvania, Romania. It is one of the many lakes of the Ocna Sibiului mine, a large salt mine which has one of the largest salt reserves in Romania. The lake has the biggest salinity out of every lake in the mine and is one of Romania&#39;s most salty lakes.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>The lake is named after Constantin Brâncoveanu, a ruler of Wallachia.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Lake Brâncoveanu is situated on the site of a salt mine that was in operation until 1699, when the water infiltration caused its abandoning. In 1966, the water level of the lake had a sharp decrease of 11 m, because of the leakage of water through a crack produced in the salt wall in the underground lake adjacent to the Ignatius mine.</p><br>
<h2>Information</h2><br>
<p>Surface: 567,5 m²</p><br>
<p>Maximum Depth: 13,6 m</p><br>
<p>Salinity: 310 g/l (1st in the salt mine)</p><br>
<h2>Lakes of the salt mine</h2><br>
<p>Auster</p><br>
<p>Lake Avram Iancu-Ocniţa</p><br>
<p>Balta cu Nămol</p><br>
<p>Brâncoveanu</p><br>
<p>Cloşca</p><br>
<p>Crişan</p><br>
<p>Lacul Fără Fund</p><br>
<p>Gura Minei</p><br>
<p>Horea</p><br>
<p>Mâţelor</p><br>
<p>Negru</p><br>
<p>Pânzelor</p><br>
<p>Rândunica</p><br>
<p>Verde (Freshwater lake)</p><br>
<p>Vrăjitoarelor (Freshwater lake)</p><br>
<p>Lacul Verde  is a natural freshwater lake of the Ocna Sibiului mine. It is the only major freshwater lake of the mine, with the other lakes being salt lakes. The Lacul Vrăjitoarelor is also a freshwater lake, but it&#39;s too small and in too bad conditions for swimming. Lacul Verde is located in the city of Ocna Sibiului, Sibiu County, Transylvania, Romania.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The origin of the lake is the collapse of two nearby, unrecognized saltworks, which were exploited at the same time and which were abandoned due to water infiltrations.</p><br>
<h2>Information</h2><br>
<p>Surface: 3001,3 m²</p><br>
<p>Maximum depth: 3,25 m</p><br>
<p>Salinity: 8-9 g/l</p><br>
<h2>Lakes of the salt mine</h2><br>
<p>Auster</p><br>
<p>Lake Avram Iancu-Ocniţa</p><br>
<p>Balta cu Nămol</p><br>
<p>Brâncoveanu</p><br>
<p>Cloşca</p><br>
<p>Crişan</p><br>
<p>Lacul Fără Fund</p><br>
<p>Gura Minei</p><br>
<p>Horea</p><br>
<p>Mâţelor</p><br>
<p>Negru</p><br>
<p>Pânzelor</p><br>
<p>Rândunica</p><br>
<p>Verde (Freshwater lake)</p><br>
<p>Vrăjitoarelor (Freshwater lake)</p><br>
<p>Lake Rândunica  is a natural salt lake in the town of Ocna Sibiului, Sibiu County, Transylvania, Romania. It is one of the many lakes of the Ocna Sibiului mine, a large salt mine which has one of the largest salt reserves in Romania.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>Lacul Rândunica means the swallow lake.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The origin of this lake is the abandonment of the "Nepomuceni Johann Grube" salt mine. The salt mine was exploited between 1722-1877 in the bell system with two wells up to the depth of 80 m.</p><br>
<h2>Information</h2><br>
<p>Surface: 2149 m²</p><br>
<p>Maximum Depth: 46,54 m</p><br>
<p>Salinity: 120 g/l</p><br>
<h2>Lakes of the salt mine</h2><br>
<p>Auster</p><br>
<p>Lake Avram Iancu-Ocniţa</p><br>
<p>Balta cu Nămol</p><br>
<p>Brâncoveanu</p><br>
<p>Cloşca</p><br>
<p>Crişan</p><br>
<p>Lacul Fără Fund</p><br>
<p>Gura Minei</p><br>
<p>Horea</p><br>
<p>Mâţelor</p><br>
<p>Negru</p><br>
<p>Pânzelor</p><br>
<p>Rândunica</p><br>
<p>Verde (Freshwater lake)</p><br>
<p>Vrăjitoarelor (Freshwater lake)</p><br>
<p>Lacul Negru  is a natural salt lake in the town of Ocna Sibiului, Sibiu County, Transylvania, Romania. It is one of the many lakes of the Ocna Sibiului mine, a large salt mine which has gotten one of the largest salt reserves in Romania. It has one of the smallest depths of all the lakes, with its maximum depth only reaching about 1m.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>The lake&#39;s name is The Black Lake, because the lake has mud at its bottom, making its water black. The salt mine only has two lakes with mud: Lacul Negru and Lacul cu Nămol (meaning the lake with mud).</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Lacul Negru originates from three small salt lakes.</p><br>
<h2>Information</h2><br>
<p>Surface: 504,8 m²</p><br>
<p>Maximum depth: ~1m</p><br>
<p>Salinity: 280 g/l</p><br>
<h2>Lakes of the salt mine</h2><br>
<p>Auster</p><br>
<p>Lake Avram Iancu-Ocniţa</p><br>
<p>Balta cu Nămol</p><br>
<p>Brâncoveanu</p><br>
<p>Cloşca</p><br>
<p>Crişan</p><br>
<p>Lacul Fără Fund</p><br>
<p>Gura Minei</p><br>
<p>Horea</p><br>
<p>Mâţelor</p><br>
<p>Negru</p><br>
<p>Pânzelor</p><br>
<p>Rândunica</p><br>
<p>Verde (Freshwater lake)</p><br>
<p>Vrăjitoarelor (Freshwater lake)</p><br>
<p>Lake Mâţelor  is a natural salt lake in the town of Ocna Sibiului, Sibiu County, Transylvania, Romania. It is one of the many lakes of the Ocna Sibiului mine, a large salt mine which has one of the largest salt reserves in Romania.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>Lacul Mâţelor means lake of the small cats or lake of the kittens.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The salt mine on which it is located is not documented, but it was exploited in the late middle-age, with a bell-system, at a depth of more than 80 m through two wells.</p><br>
<h2>Information</h2><br>
<p>Surface: 1.232,5 m²</p><br>
<p>Maximum Depth: 74,70 m (2nd of the mine&#39;s lakes, behind Lake Avram Iancu-Ocniţa)</p><br>
<p>Salinity: 34 g/l at the surface, grows up to 323 g/l at 8,5 m depth.</p><br>
<h2>Lakes of the salt mine</h2><br>
<p>Auster</p><br>
<p>Lake Avram Iancu-Ocniţa</p><br>
<p>Balta cu Nămol</p><br>
<p>Brâncoveanu</p><br>
<p>Cloşca</p><br>
<p>Crişan</p><br>
<p>Lacul Fără Fund</p><br>
<p>Gura Minei</p><br>
<p>Horea</p><br>
<p>Mâţelor</p><br>
<p>Negru</p><br>
<p>Pânzelor</p><br>
<p>Rândunica</p><br>
<p>Verde (Freshwater lake)</p><br>
<p>Vrăjitoarelor (Freshwater lake)</p><br>
<h2>Sources</h2><br>
<p></revision></p><br>
<p>The Torre Nueva, also called Torrenueva and sometimes Torre Sabá, is a beacon located in the Andalusian town of La Línea de la Concepción and is one of the 44 towers of the same characteristics that dotted the Spanish coast from the river Guadiaro to the border with Portugal. All of them were built during the reign of Felipe III, along with others located along the Mediterranean coast from Málaga to Catalonia.</p><br>
<p>The purpose of these watchtowers was to warn the coastal population of the presence of Berber pirate ships, for which smoke signals and bonfires were used. At the top of each tower, there was always a bundle of dry wood to be burned immediately in case of danger, transmitting the alarm signal to the towers nearby.</p><br>
<p>The Torre Nueva communicated visually with the Torre Nueva de Guadiaro and the Torre Carbonera. it is in a relatively good state of conservation, integrated with the beach of Playa de Torrenueva to which it gives its name.</p><br>
<p>It is a circular tower 7.25 m in diameter and 12 m high, with a brick-domed interior room 4.4 m meters in diameter and 7.5 m high, which is accessed through a door located 3.7 m above the ground. In this room was a hearth for the guards of the tower, a secondary door that allowed ascent to the roof by means of a spiral staircase integrated into the walls, and a window. The roof has a parapet of a little more than a meter in height, in which a machicolation is located on the same level as the door, with scaffolds to its sides.</p><br>
<p>This tower was capable of housing 5 men (4 soldiers and a corporal), and at its feet was stationed a guard corps consisting of a corporal and 6 soldiers of infantry and a corporal and 4 soldiers of cavalry.</p><br>
<p>The Torre Nueva was declared a national monument on April 22, 1949.</p><br>
<p>The Anglican Church of St Peter in North Newton within the English county of Somerset has a tower believed to date from Saxon times. It is a Grade II* listed building.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1186 the chapel at North Newton was granted to Buckland Priory by William of Erleigh.</p><br>
<p>The two-stage tower believed to date from Saxon times but was altered in 1635. The rest of the church was rebuilt in 1885.</p><br>
<p>The parish is now part of the Alfred Jewel benefice within the Diocese of Bath and Wells. It was separated from North Petherton in 1880.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The church consists of a nave and chancel with north and south aisles. Inside there is a pulpit from 1637. The carved reredos and alter are made from wood panelling which was reused from another site.</p><br>
<p>Lake Gura Minei  is a natural salt lake in the town of Ocna Sibiului, Sibiu County, Transylvania, Romania. It is one of the many lakes of the Ocna Sibiului mine, a large salt mine which has one of the largest salt reserves in Romania.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>Literally translated from Romanian, "Lacul Gura Minei" means "the mine&#39;s mouth lake".</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Lake Gura Minei was formed by the collapse of a shaft in the north of the Ignaţiu salt mine, opened in 1780. The salt mine was abandoned in 1931 and today forms a huge underground lake with a surface of over 12,000 m&sup2;.</p><br>
<h2>Information</h2><br>
<p>*Surface: 969,33 m²</p><br>
<p>*Maximum depth: 27 m</p><br>
<h2>Lakes of the salt mine</h2><br>
<p>* Auster</p><br>
<p>* Lake Avram Iancu-Ocniţa</p><br>
<p>* Balta cu Nămol</p><br>
<p>* Brâncoveanu</p><br>
<p>* Cloşca</p><br>
<p>* Crişan</p><br>
<p>* Lacul Fără Fund</p><br>
<p>* Gura Minei</p><br>
<p>* Horea</p><br>
<p>* Mâţelor</p><br>
<p>* Negru</p><br>
<p>* Pânzelor</p><br>
<p>* Rândunica</p><br>
<p>* Verde (Freshwater lake)</p><br>
<p>* Vrăjitoarelor (Freshwater lake)</p><br>
<p>Lacul cu Nămol, also called  Balta cu Nămol, is a natural salt lake in the town of Ocna Sibiului, Sibiu County, Transylvania, Romania. It is one of the many lakes of the Ocna Sibiului mine, a large salt mine which has one of the largest salt reserves in Romania.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>In Romanian, Lacul cu Nămol means the Lake with Mud. The other name of the lake, Balta cu Nămol, means the Pond with Mud.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The lake was formed after an excavation of the salt&#39;s cover.</p><br>
<h2>Information</h2><br>
<p>Lacul cu Nămol and Lacul Negru are the only lakes of the mine to have mud. Something else they have in common is that their depth is very small, probably reaching 1–2 m.</p><br>
<h2>Lakes of the salt mine</h2><br>
<p>Auster</p><br>
<p>Lake Avram Iancu-Ocniţa</p><br>
<p>Balta cu Nămol</p><br>
<p>Brâncoveanu</p><br>
<p>Cloşca</p><br>
<p>Crişan</p><br>
<p>Lacul Fără Fund</p><br>
<p>Gura Minei</p><br>
<p>Horea</p><br>
<p>Mâţelor</p><br>
<p>Negru</p><br>
<p>Pânzelor</p><br>
<p>Rândunica</p><br>
<p>Verde (Freshwater lake)</p><br>
<p>Vrăjitoarelor (Freshwater lake)</p><br>
<p>The Montana State Fairgrounds Racetrack, also known as the Lewis and Clark County Fairgrounds Racetrack and as Helena Downs, is a historic horse racing track located on the outskirts of Helena, Montana, in the United States. Constructed in 1870, the track was part of the Montana State Fairgrounds, now the Lewis and Clark County Fairgrounds. The racetrack was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 20, 2006. Portions of the track were demolished from 2006 to 2008 due to new construction on the fairgrounds.</p><br>
<h2>Horse racing in Montana</h2><br>
<p>Native Americans first brought horses to the northern Great Plains in the early to mid 1700s, and horse racing among Native Americans in what later became Montana was common. Horse racing also became popular among white settlers in the area, particularly miners.</p><br>
<p>Semi-formal local horse flat racing meets first occurred in Montana in Deer Lodge, Helena, and Virginia City in the 1860s. Helenas first permanent horse racing track was Madam Coadys Two-Mile House, a 1 mi track located a few miles from Helena. The first Montana Territorial Fair was held at the site 1868, and included Montana&#39;s first regionally-organized horse flat race. Harness racing was added at the second Territorial Fair in 1869.</p><br>
<h2>The Montana State Fairgrounds track</h2><br>
<h3>Construction of the track</h3><br>
<p>In August 1870, a group of Helena businessmen and civic leaders organized a new association, the Montana Agricultural Mineral and Mechanical Association, to host a new regional fair. Among the trustees of the new organization were such prominent Montanans as Daniel A. G. Floweree, Cornelius Hedges, Anton M. Holter, and Conrad Kohrs. The group purchased property outside Helena (at the current location of the Montana State Fairgrounds), and construction of the racetrack began immediately. The 1 mi track was built according to the rules of the American Horse Congress and the California State Agricultural Society, had a 0.25 mi home stretch, and was wide enough to accommodate eight sulkies. It is unclear if the track was a regular oval or if it had slightly distorted third and fourth turns which gave it an irregular oblong shape. At the time of its construction, it was the only regulation 1 mi track in the territory.</p><br>
<p>Several other buildings were erected about the same time as the track was constructed. Grandstands were constructed probably at the same as the track, beginning near the starting line and extending eastward. A "paddock" was built to the east of the grandstand, and around the first turn were three stables.</p><br>
<h3>Early history of the track</h3><br>
<p>Races were held throughout the summer (not just at fair-time). They attracted horses from as far away as Salt Lake City, and even included some high-quality Kentucky thoroughbreds. By 1884, horse racing tracks had been built in Bozeman and Butte, and a "Montana Circuit" for horse racing had evolved. Races at Montana Circuit tracks became more exclusive, and applicant horses had to be vetted by a nomination committee before being allowed to race. On either side of the finish line were judging stands. These are two-storied structures which gave judging officials a clear view of the finish line so that they might declare which horses won and placed in the race. Initially, these were merely covered platforms, but they were replaced several times over the years with more elaborate, permanent structures with walls, windows, and amenities.</p><br>
<p>Montana became a USA state in 1889, and the fair was renamed the Montana State Fair in 1891 after being sold to a new group of investors. Helena horse racing continued to gain in prestige, with owners in Denver, Colorado, and Spokane, Washington, sending entries. The track was rebuilt that year. A Montana Central Railway spur reached the fairgrounds that same year, and local undocumented tradition claimed that several railroad cars of earth from Kentucky were laid on the track.</p><br>
<p>The Panic of 1893 created significant economic disruption in Montana, and the Montana State Fair shut down after the 1895 event. The fairgrounds were mortgaged, and the issuers of the loan foreclosed.</p><br>
<h3>Period of state ownership</h3><br>
<p>Helena residents raised money in 1903 to buy the fairgrounds, which were donated to the state. By this time, the track had so deteriorated that large amounts of soil had to be trucked in to restore the turns. The state of Montana authorized a subsidized Montana State Fair in 1903, and in 1904 relay races were added. About this time, a two-story raised platform was erected just outside the first turn. This platform was used by racing officials to direct animals and riders before and after races. In 1904, the three stables were moved from the first turn to outside the far stretch and rebuilt as speed barns. A fourth speed barn and three more stables were built at some point thereafter. Two small cottages were erected about this time as well. One was against the north fence between the speed barns and stables, and another was at the end of a long shed built east of the speed barns. The cottage attached to the shed was used by the racetrack veterinarian.</p><br>
<p>Significant changes to the viewing area were made after 1904. Three sets of bleachers were erected at the racetrack between 1903 and 1914. The first (the "long bleachers") was erected about 700 ft west of the grandstands, probably in 1904. The second set was erected between 1904 and 1913 to the west of the grandstand, and the third (the "small bleachers") to the west of the long bleachers, probably in 1914. The old grandstands were demolished in 1906, and replaced with larger ones. Roughly 260 ft long and 60 ft wide, they cost $20,000 ($ in dollars) and were capable of seating 5,000 people. Beneath the grandstands were a small jockey&#39;s dressing room (eastern end), a restaurant, and a room with betting windows.</p><br>
<p>The horse racing at the Montana State Fair began to decline after the Montana Legislature banned betting on horse races in 1914. The fairs financial situation deteriorated when the state legislature significantly cut the subsidy in 1915, and a worsening decade-long drought led to fewer paying exhibitors. Although horse racing remained popular at the fairgrounds, economic difficulties led to the fairs cancellation in 1926. Organizers managed to host only small fairs 1927 to 1932.</p><br>
<p>The ban on gambling was lifted in 1930. That year, more than 350 high-quality racehorses from the USA, Canada, and Mexico raced at Helena, and parimutuel betting (assisted by an automatic totaliser) first occurred. The "paddock" was abandoned the same year, and a true, open-air paddock was built next to it.</p><br>
<h3>Closure and reopening</h3><br>
<p>The last Montana State Fair was held in Helena in 1932. The 1935 Helena earthquake and several fires in the 1930s and 1940s destroyed several unspecified structures associated with the horse racing track. In the fall of 1937, the three north stables and veterinarian&#39;s cottage burned down. Horse racing ended during this time, and the track was abandoned except for the small section in front of the grandstand (used as part of the automobile race track).</p><br>
<p>The largest of the four north barns was relocated to nearby Green Meadow Ranch about 1938. The remaining three north barns either burned down or were demolished by 1951. Both finish-line judging stands were removed by then as well.</p><br>
<p>In mid-1953, the Capital City Racing Association constructed a 0.25 mi oval stock car racing track inside the 1916 automobile track. It remained in until 1956.</p><br>
<p>Horse racing returned to the horse track in 1961 after organizers hosted the first Last Chance Stampede at the old fairgrounds.</p><br>
<h3>County ownership and changes to the track</h3><br>
<p>The grandstands were demolished in 2000. They had fallen into a decrepit state, and preservationists vigorously asked for them to be preserved. But the cost was too great, and the state declined to assume the cost. New modern, metal bleachers were erected in their place, and in the infield just west of the first turn. The new grandstands, designed to accommodate rodeo activities in the infield, occupied about one-eighth of the horse racing track surface. Both the second turn, home stretch, and backstretch were bulldozed to accommodate rodeo activities.</p><br>
<p>The public discussion over the grandstands led the Lewis and Clark County Historic Preservation Office to conduct a historic assessment of the Montana State Fairgrounds in 2003.</p><br>
<p>In 2005, the Lewis and Clark County Fair Board began consideration of a plan to reconfigured the old Montana State Fairgrounds for reuse. Although there was support for the return of horse racing and restoration of the track, the fair board declined to amend the plan to accommodate it. When the county began building an access road across the horse racing track in the fall of 2005 in preparation for construction, an organization named Save the Track Foundation unsuccessfully sued to have the road stopped.</p><br>
<p>In November 2006, Lewis and Clark County voters approved a $5.7 million ($ in dollars) tax levy to implement the changes proposed by the fair board.</p><br>
<p>Despite the partial blockage and demolition of the track, the horse racing track (but not any associated buildings) was added to the National Register of Historic Places in December 2006.</p><br>
<p>In 2006, the Save the Track Foundation filed several lawsuits to enjoin Lewis and Clark County from implementing its reconfiguration of the fairgrounds. The group claimed that the fair board had misled voters by failing to disclose that the horse racing track would be partially demolished and the infield used for construction. County officials said the reconfiguration plan saved most of the track for horse racing and preservation purposes, and that a lengthy planning process determined that partial demolition and use of the infield was the best use of the land given current and future needs. A Montana District Court judge declined to issue a temporary injunction halting the plan, and in March 2008 issued a formal ruling in favor of the county. The ruling allowed final construction on the new 60,000 ft&sup2; exhibition building to go forward.</p><br>
<h2>About the track</h2><br>
<p>The Montana State Fairgrounds Racetrack is located in the center of the 160 acre fairgrounds.</p><br>
<p>Grandstands, three sets of bleachers, an enclosed "paddock", two judging platforms, and three stables were built during the tracks early history on the home stretch and first turn. Speed barns, three stables, and two cottages were built adjacent to the back stretch in the first two or three decades of the 20th century. No historic structures associated with the tracks history remained as of 2006.</p><br>
<p>The Montana State Fairgrounds Racetrack was one of only three 1 mi tracks west of the Mississippi River in 2005. It was reported to be the oldest of these</p><br>
<p>1 mi tracks in 2006, as well as the oldest extant horse racing track in Montana, and the only racing track built in Montana&#39;s territorial period to survive into the 21st century. According to the American Racing Manual, it was the second oldest horse racing track of its kind in the nation.</p><br>
<p>The Athletic Park Band Shell in Plainview, Nebraska was designed and built during 1939 to 1942. Also known as Plainview Band Shell, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<p>The band shell is a Moderne-style structure designed by Norfolk, Nebraska architect Elbert B. Watson. The listing includes one contributing building and ten contributing objects: five concrete benches, a concrete drinking fountain, and four concrete light posts. The complex was built by the Works Progress Administration (WPA).</p><br>
<p>The band shell has a 33 ft-diameter arch and is part of a 50 x building which also includes dressing rooms. When built, it was part of a four-block park named Athletic Park, which was later divided. In 1992, it is located within a 3.26 ft area known as Band Shell Park, which also includes a basketball court and playground equipment. In 1992, the band shell area was bordered by Scotch pine and elm trees that were part of the original WPA landscaping.</p><br>
<p>The Piainview Band Shell was deemed notable "on the state-wide level for its association with the WPA and as an excellent and well-preserved example of cast concrete construction executed in the moderne style." Four comparable band shells existed in Nebraska in 1992, including in Grant and Auburn, but these are not made of cast concrete and are not Moderne in style.</p><br>
<p>The Anglican Church of the Holy Trinity at Chilton Trinity in the English county of Somerset was established in the 13th century. It is a Grade II* listed building.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Parts of the fabric of the building, including the arch of the south doorway, are from the 11th century, The building was restored in the 15th and 19th centuries. The tower was added in the 15th century.</p><br>
<p>The parish is part of the benefice of Bridgwater St Mary and Chilton Trinity within the Diocese of Bath and Wells.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The church consists of a two-bay nave, chancel and south porch with a three-stage west tower, which is supported by diagonal buttresses. The tower holds five bells.</p><br>
<p>Inside the church is a 15th century font.</p><br>
<p>The Willow Creek Bridge, which brought a Pierce County, Nebraska road over Willow Creek, about 6.5 mi miles south of Foster, Nebraska, was built in 1913. It is a Lattice truss bridge. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992. The bridge was moved to Gilman Park in Pierce, Nebraska in 1994.</p><br>
<p>The bridge has a single 34.0 ft span and supports a 15.7 ft roadway. Its floor is a timber deck over I-beam stringers and it is of steel, rigid-connected lattice pony truss construction with latticed guardrails.</p><br>
<p>Although probably a number of similar structures were built on secondary roads in Nebraska in the early 1900s, only this and another also built by Canton Bridge Company, and also crossing Willow Creek in Pierce County, were surviving in 1992. Its NRHP nomination summarized: "In a well-preserved state, this bridge is technologically significant as one of the last remaining examples in the state of this early vehicular truss type."</p><br>
<p>The Wayne Commercial Historic District in Wayne in Wayne County, Nebraska is a 13 acre historic district which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<p>It includes 68 buildings, of which 44 are contributing buildings, along portions of S. Main, N. Main, and 2nd St., including the city hall. It includes Late 19th and 20th Century Revivals and Late 19th And Early 20th Century American Movements architecture.</p><br>
<h2>Historic buildings</h2><br>
<p>P.V. Elevator Company grain elevator (1889), South Main Street</p><br>
<p>Freight Depot (1883), 110 South Main Street</p><br>
<p>Passenger Depot (1912), 106 South Main Street, a one‐story brick building</p><br>
<p>Old City Hall (1912), 115 West 2nd Street, includes Neo Classical details, was renovated for use as Wayne&#39;s fire department</p><br>
<p>Old First National Bank (c.1890), 202 North Main Street, a two‐story building constructed of red brick with reddish‐orange stone accents. It has a decorated cornice and a brick masonry parapet.</p><br>
<p>The Dr. W. C. Wightman House in Wayne, Nebraska was built in Shingle Style in 1900. Also known as the Rollie W. Ley House and as the Wightman-Ley House, it is a two-and-a-half-story house with a large porch around two sides of its first story. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>It was built for Dr. W. C. Wightman, a doctor for the Union Pacific Railroad Company. Wightman moved to California in 1912 and sold the home to Rollie W. Ley. Ley worked his way up from clerk at the Wayne State National Bank (in 1899) to become president and chairman of the bank&#39;s board (in 1924).</p><br>
<p>The house was deemed in its NRHP nomination to be "a fine example of the Shingle Style mode of architecture. Though a vernacular version of the style, this house has many characteristic features, such as the shingled upper floors over the clapboarded first floor, Palladian windows in the gables, elaborate wood paneled entry hall with window seat, fireplace and winding staircase, the generally open floor plan and the exquisite parquette flooring on first floor. Modest examples of this style which utilized more obvious classical motifs were more popular in Nebraska than the fully developed mode."</p><br>
<p>In 1978 the house was under restoration by the Wayne County Historical Society.</p><br>
<p>In 2010 the house served as the Wayne County Museum.</p><br>
<p>The Veranda House, also known as the Curlee House, is a historic house in Corinth, Mississippi, USA.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was built in 1857 for Hamilton Mask, a surveyor who went on to serve as the mayor of Corinth in 1866 and 1872. In 1860, it was sold to Burnett B. Wilkerson, who sold it to William Simonton shortly after. Simonton remained the property owner until 1872.</p><br>
<p>During the American Civil War of 1861-1865, General Braxton Bragg of the Confederate States Army stayed in the house, as did Confederate General Earl Van Dorn. Later, General Henry Halleck of the Union Army also stayed in the house.</p><br>
<p>The house was purchased by Judge William E. Curlee in 1875. His widow, Mary Boone Curlee, sold the house outside the family in 1882. By 1921, it was purchased by William Curlee&#39;s descendant, Shelby Hammond Curlee. In 1960-1963, the house was deeded to the Corinth Library Commission.</p><br>
<h2>Architectural significance</h2><br>
<p>The house was designed in the Greek Revival architectural style.</p><br>
<p>The Benjamin Van Raalte House, also known as The Maples, is a private house located at 1076 Sixteenth Street in Holland, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989. The house and surrounding property now forms the city of Holland&#39;s Van Raalte Farm Park.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1846, the Rev. Albertus C. Van Raalte led a group of 101 Dutch citizens to America to found a "colony" where they could practice their conservative brand of Dutch Reformed religion. In 1847, the immigrants settled in western Michigan, founding Holland. Benjamin Van Raalte, born in 1840, was Albertus van Raalte&#39;s third child. He traveled with his father to the United States in 1846. When he reached adulthood, he began farming the plot of land on this location, which had been conveyed to him by his father.</p><br>
<p>Benjamin Van Raalte constructed the two barns still on the property in 1865. In 1867, Benjamin Van Raalte had this house constructed, located on a hill overlooking his land.</p><br>
<p>After Van Raaltes death, his daughter Julia van Raalte and her husband, Orlando S. Reimold, lived in the house. Reimold was an author, and eventually became president and board chairman of the World Book Company. The Reimolds lived primarily in Chicago until Orlandos retirement in 1948, when they moved into this house. Following Julias death in 1952, Orlando Reimold moved out, and the couples children then used the house as a country retreat.</p><br>
<p>In 1983 the Reimolds sold the house and the associated property to the city of Holland. In 1991-99, the city converted the property into a park, known as the Van Raalte Farm. Until 2003, the house was maintained by John and Judy Madison as caretakers. The City of Holland made improvements to the house in 2004, ant the DeGraaf Nature Center began using it for various purposes. Further rehabilitation of the house took place in 2016.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Benjamin Van Raalte House is a two-story, rectangular Italian Villa house with clapboard siding sitting atop a hill. It has a low hipped roof with projecting eaves and a frieze underneath, encircling the house. Marrow pilasters are at the corners of the house. The front elevation contains an entrance on the left-hand side, with two windows on the right. On the second floor are three evenly spaced windows. Each window is a two-over-two double-hung style, with segmental-arch heads. A single-story hip-roof veranda extends across the front and wraps to one side. A single-story kitchen addition extends from one side at the rear.</p><br>
<p>On the interior, the front section has a side hall and stair hall, off from which are a front parlor, a dining room, a pantry, and a modern kitchen. The upstairs contains several bedrooms. Furnishings in many of the rooms originally belonged to the Van Raalte family, the most notable of which is a secretary gowned by the Rev.</p><br>
<p>Albertus Van Raalte. The kitchen addition now contains an apartment.</p><br>
<p>Lacul Fără Fund  is a natural salt lake in the town of Ocna Sibiului, Sibiu County, Transylvania, Romania. It is one of the many lakes of the Ocna Sibiului mine, a large salt mine which has one of the largest salt reserves in Romania.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>In Romanian, Lacul Fără Fund means The Bottomless Lake, which is an obvious reference to its high depth. The other name, Lacul Lemnelor means Lake of the wood.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The lake was formed on the site of the Francisc Grube salt mine, which was abandoned in 1775 due to water infiltrations.</p><br>
<h2>Information</h2><br>
<p>Surface: 1665 m²</p><br>
<p>Maximum depth: 32 m</p><br>
<p>Salinity: 96 g/l (at the surface), 318 g/l (at 6 m depth)</p><br>
<h2>Lakes of the salt mine</h2><br>
<p>Auster</p><br>
<p>Lake Avram Iancu-Ocniţa</p><br>
<p>Balta cu Nămol</p><br>
<p>Brâncoveanu</p><br>
<p>Cloşca</p><br>
<p>Crişan</p><br>
<p>Lacul Fără Fund</p><br>
<p>Gura Minei</p><br>
<p>Horea</p><br>
<p>Mâţelor</p><br>
<p>Negru</p><br>
<p>Pânzelor</p><br>
<p>Rândunica</p><br>
<p>Verde (Freshwater lake)</p><br>
<p>Vrăjitoarelor (Freshwater lake)</p><br>
<p>The Battle Point Site, also designated 20OT50, is an archaeological site located on Battle Point, along the Grand River in Crockery Township, Ottawa County, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<h2>Historical context</h2><br>
<p>Battle Point was the site of Fort Village and an Odawa Indian burial ground, likely used for a span of about 20 years between 1815 and 1835. The Odawa at the site were led by Chief Onamontapay.</p><br>
<p>In 1836, the Treaty of Washington ceded the lands north of the Grand River to the United States. As a result, the Potawatomi Chief Shiawassee, then living upriver at the confluence of Crockery Creek and the Grand River, called a council at Battle Point, where he attempted to induce the Odawa living there and other local groups to revolt and massacre European settlers.</p><br>
<p>However, Chief Shiawassee and his Potawatomi soon moved out of the area, and the village at Battle Point was abandoned by the Odawa at about the same time. However, some Odawa families continued to live in the area, and a Native American school was established on Battle Point in 1855. These families continued to live in the Battle Point area as late as 1878.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeological excavations</h2><br>
<p>The burial sites on Battle Point were forgotten for many years. However, the site was brought to the attention of amateur archaeologists in the 1950s, when erosion from the cutting action of the nearby river uncovered some of the burial sites. Five of these were excavated at that time by the Coffinberry chapter of the Michigan Archaeological Society. Nine further graves were excavated in 1971-2 by researchers from Grand Valley State University.</p><br>
<p>The artifacts recovered from the burial sites were primarily American and European trade goods. These included utilitarian goods such as knives, firesteels, gunflints, axes, and kettles. Also included were decorative goods such as silver brooches and bracelets, clay pipes, and glass beads.</p><br>
<p>Moon Falls, also spelled Moonfalls, is a waterfall located on the west edge of the Umpqua National Forest in Lane County, in the USA state of Oregon. It totals 100 feet fall in one wide veiling cascade and is 1.5 miles from Spirit Falls trailhead.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The falls drops in a wide cascade down approximately 100 ft over a sharp protrusion of basalt which causes veiling of the cascade the entire distance to the pool. Alex Creek, from which the waterfall is produced, mostly flows during the winter months, hence it loses much of its volume later in the Summer.</p><br>
<h2>Trails</h2><br>
<p>A paved foot trail loops through mixed forest stands that starts at the trailhead off spur route #1702-203, approximately 50 mi from the town of Oakridge. It totals 1 miles out and back of easy hiking. Moonfalls trail is located in the Layng Creek Municipal Watershed and overnight camping is not allowed.</p><br>
